Volume-10, Issue-9, September 2024

Abstract

Purpose: To find out the most scientific formula for strabismus surgery. 

Patients and method: 84 subjects having normal eyes ranging from 3 years of age to 48 years over 4 years from 2011 to 2015 were photographed by iPhone with flash to locate reflex of the light on a part of eye, while 6 extra ocular muscles moved the eye to the extremes, in the direction of their action. The distance of the reflex was measured from center of the pupil. The diameter of the cornea was measured from white to white by caliper. Pupil diameter was also measured in every case. Each mm of reflex away from the center of the pupil is equal to 15 prism diopter (PD)1 . So the total deviation of eye at extreme action of a particular muscle is measured and converted to PD. Each extraocular muscle has different length. 

Assumption: The length of the muscle is responsible for total deviation of the eye by full action of the muscle. Then the surgical table was applied to surgically correct 84 eyes having, either esotropia or exotropia. 

Results: 1 mm of resection or recession of Lateral Rectus (LR) corrects 5PD.Similarly, 1mm of either recession or resection of Medial Rectus (MR), Superior Rectus (SR), Inferior Rectus (IR) and Superior Oblique (SO) corrects 2.5PD. 1mm of recession or resection of Inferior Oblique (IO) corrects 4PD.This finding is statistically significant and p value less than 0.05. 

Conclusion: The strabismus surgical table created by the author is accurate as verified by strabismus operations over 4 years.

Keywords: Strabismus, surgical table, surgical correction.

References

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Abstract

Organ weight serves as a critical indicator in forensic medicine for distinguishing between normal and abnormal conditions. This study analyzed the weights of six major organs—brain, lungs, heart, spleen, liver, and kidneys— in 200 cases, comprising 80 females and 120 males. The findings show that organ weights are consistently higher in males than in females across all age groups. For instance, the mean weight of the liver in females is 1240.27 ± 101 grams, while in males, it is 1352.16 ± 99 grams. Similarly, the brain weighs 1114.82 ± 98 grams in females and 1224 ± 96 grams in males. The right lung in females weighs 487.52 ± 53.53 grams and in males, 524.6 ± 45.65 grams, while the left lung weighs 448.70 ± 50.36 grams in females and 473.8 ± 39 grams in males. Spleen weight in females is 107.52 ± 13.5 grams and in males, 114.68 ± 14.16 grams. The heart weighs 258.29 ± 27.18 grams in females and 267.84 ± 25.49 grams in males. Kidney weights also differ, with the left kidney weighing 108.74 ± 16.17 grams and the right kidney 107.96 ± 15.78 grams in females, while in males, the left kidney weighs 113.72 ± 15.20 grams and the right kidney 112.9 ± 14.96 grams. These findings provide baseline organ weight data for the population in this region.

Keywords: Organ weight, Postmortem, Autopsy, Forensic medicine.

References

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Abstract

Heterocyclic molecules are very important to medical chemistry because they are used to make drugs, especially chemotherapy. The goal of this study is to build on existing manufacturing methods for heterocyclic drugs so that they can be used more effectively in cancer medicine. We want to find new ways to make compounds and get around problems that come up with making complex heterocyclic structures. This will help us find chemicals that are very good at fighting cancer. Biocatalysis and flow chemistry are two current synthetic techniques that we use in our method to speed up the synthesis process, protect the environment, and increase yield and purity. As an environmentally friendly option to standard chemical methods, biocatalysis uses the precision and efficiency of enzymes to speed up processes in mild conditions. Flow chemistry, on the other hand, lets synthesis happen all the time, which makes it easier to direct reactions and make them bigger. For our study, we made a bunch of new heterocyclic chemicals and tested how well they killed different kinds of cancer cells. In early tests, a number of chemicals have shown promise in fighting cancer, showing that they could be used as treatment drugs. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies have been done to figure out what about the molecules makes them work, which will help make these chemicals even better. We also used computer chemistry tools to guess how these heterocyclic molecules would react with proteins that play a role in the growth of cancer. These predictions are confirmed by tests done in vitro and in vivo, which give us a full picture of how the drug works and its possible uses in therapy.

Keywords: Cancer chemotherapy, cancer stem cells mechanisms of action, side effects.

References

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Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the wound healing activity of the leaves of Passiflora foetida L. in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/Kg) in Wistar albino rats after overnight fasting. The diabetic rats were subjected to excision wounds on the dorsal side, which were treated with varying doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg) of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Passiflora foetida leaves for 21 days. The wound healing parameters, including wound contraction rate, epithelialization time, and scar area, were monitored and compared with the control group and standard treatment (Metformin 5 mg/Kg). The results revealed that both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited significant wound healing activity, with the ethyl acetate extract (400 mg/Kg) showing the most potent effect. The extracts significantly enhanced wound closure, reduced epithelialization time, and promoted granulation tissue formation. The findings suggest that Passiflora foetida leaves possess substantial wound healing properties and could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the management of diabetic wounds.

Keywords: Passiflora foetida L, ethyl acetate extract, ethanol extract, Streptozotocin, antidiabetic acitivity.

References

References not available